Therapy (NNT) Reviews by Date

November 2024

• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for Awake Tracheal Intubation
• Cranberry Products for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
• Ketamine versus Etomidate for Induction of Intubation in Critically Ill Patients

October 2024

• Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

April 2024

• Fluid Volumes in Adults with Sepsis
• Paxlovid for Nonhospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes

August 2023

• Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Cardiac Arrest
• Early vs. Delayed Coronary Angiography after out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Pulmonary Embolism

July 2023

• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Deep Vein Thrombosis

May 2023

• Aggressive Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation for Acute Pancreatitis

April 2023

• Intravenous Magnesium as an Adjunct to Standard of Care for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response
• Magnesium Sulfate Infusion to Prevent Hospitalization for Acute COPD Exacerbations
• Mu-Opioid Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction
• Corticosteroids for Low Back Pain

January 2023

• Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children
• Anterior-Posterior versus Anterior-Lateral Pad Positioning for Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation

December 2022

• Intra-Articular Lidocaine Versus Intravenous Sedation for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Reduction

November 2022

• Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Hemispheric Infarction

October 2022

• Liberal versus Conservative Intravenous Fluid Administration in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis

August 2022

• Oral Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for Clostridioides Difficile Infection

May 2022

• Membrane Sweeping at Term to Induce Labor

April 2022

• Tranexamic Acid for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

March 2022

• Early Decrease in Blood Pressure after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Azithromycin for Treatment of COVID-19

January 2022

• Corticosteroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

December 2021

• Systemic Corticosteroids for COVID-19
• Colchicine for Acute Gout

October 2021

• Higher-dose Versus Standard-dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19
• Catheter-directed Thrombolysis for Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome

August 2021

• Thromboelastography for Hemorrhagic Resuscitation

June 2021

• Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Adults Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation
• Ibuprofen vs. Acetaminophen for Fever or Pain in Children Younger Than Two Years

April 2021

• Combining Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs) and Corticosteroids For Asthma in Adults
• Levetiracetam Compared With Phenytoin Or Fosphenytoin In Benzodiazepine-Refractory Pediatric Status Epilepticus
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke (2021)
• Uterogenic Agents (Misoprostol versus to Oxytocin) for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media With Effusion In Children
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors For Treatment of Influenza
• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Topiramate (Topamax) for Migraine Prophylaxis
• Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Fracture

February 2021

• Desmopressin for Reducing Perioperative Blood Transfusion
• Antiplatelet Agents for Preventing Early Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
• Subcutaneous Sumatriptans for Acute Migraine Attacks in Adults
• Compression Therapy for Postthrombotic Syndrome

December 2020

• Tranexamic Acid For Traumatic Brain Injury
• Subcutaneous Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

October 2020

• Corticosteroids for Sore Throat
• Liberal vs Restrictive Hemoglobin Levels as Thresholds for Blood Transfusions

September 2020

• Cervical Spine Motion Restriction after Blunt Trauma
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis

August 2020

• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

July 2020

• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults
• Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sepsis
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain

June 2020

• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis

May 2020

• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

April 2020

• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Ketamine vs Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department
• Epley Maneuver (Canalith Repositioning) for Benign Positional Vertigo

March 2020

• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic

February 2020

• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease

January 2020

• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients

December 2019

• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge

October 2019

• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Rocuronium vs. Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Intubation
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope

September 2019

• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma

August 2019

• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage

July 2019

• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

June 2019

• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Branched-Chain Amino Acids for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy

May 2019

• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients

April 2019

• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease

March 2019

• Corticosteroids for Treating Pneumonia
• Low-dose CT Scan for Lung Cancer Screening
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Topical Antibiotics for Clinical and Microbiologic Cure of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Lung-protective Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection

February 2019

• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

January 2019

• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke

December 2018

• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women

November 2018

• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Coadministration of Probiotics With Prescribed Antibiotics for Preventing Clostridium difficile Diarrhea

October 2018

• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

September 2018

• Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours from onset of symptoms

August 2018

• Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection of IV Propofol
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

July 2018

• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis

June 2018

• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta2 Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

May 2018

• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain

April 2018

• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma

March 2018

• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma

February 2018

• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)

January 2018

• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Stents for Stable Coronary Artery Disease

November 2017

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

September 2017

• Varenicline for Smoking Cessation

August 2017

• Antipsychotics for Fibromyalgia in Adults

July 2017

• Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals Compared with Older Agents for Hepatitis C
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection

May 2017

• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period

April 2017

• Vitamin E in Pregnancy

March 2017

• Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Placebo for Opioid Dependence

February 2017

• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure

January 2017

• Alpha-adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal

December 2016

• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia

November 2016

• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis

October 2016

• Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Ablation and Cardioversion

August 2016

• Acupuncture for Frequent Tension-Type Headaches

July 2016

• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults

May 2016

• Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches

April 2016

• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Asthma

March 2016

• Controlled Cord Traction During the Third Stage of Labor

February 2016

• Cyclobenzaprine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain

December 2015

• Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain

November 2015

• Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

October 2015

• Probiotics for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

September 2015

• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis

May 2015

• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy

April 2015

• Zinc for the Common Cold

January 2015

• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer

July 2014

• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)

June 2014

• Steroids for Bronchiolitis

May 2014

• Routine Health Checks for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity

November 2013

• Mediterranean Diet for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Known Heart Disease)
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)

October 2013

• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

June 2013

• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Diagnostic Testing for Patient Reassurance

May 2013

• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation

April 2013

• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

March 2013

• Thrombolytics for Stroke

February 2013

• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension

January 2013

• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)

June 2012

• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy

March 2012

• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampsia

January 2012

• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke

December 2011

• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery

September 2011

• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites

August 2011

• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma

July 2011

• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting

June 2011

• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

May 2011

• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)

April 2011

• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Steroids for Meningitis

March 2011

• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis in Infants

February 2011

• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
• Steroids for Croup

December 2010

• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures

November 2010

• Subclavian vs. Femoral Central Line Placement

October 2010

• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths

September 2010

• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care

August 2010

• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest

January 2010

• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack

November 2009

• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)

October 2009

• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty

Therapy (NNT) Reviews by System

Cardiac

• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Anterior-Posterior versus Anterior-Lateral Pad Positioning for Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy
• Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children
• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early vs. Delayed Coronary Angiography after out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Fluid Volumes in Adults with Sepsis
• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty
• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
• Ketamine versus Etomidate for Induction of Intubation in Critically Ill Patients
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Hemispheric Infarction
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Cardiac Arrest
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Dermatologic

• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection

Endocrine

• Aggressive Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation for Acute Pancreatitis
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients
• Liberal versus Conservative Intravenous Fluid Administration in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes
• Subcutaneous Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)

Gastrointestinal

• Aggressive Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation for Acute Pancreatitis
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Mu-Opioid Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction
• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for Clostridioides Difficile Infection
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Genitourinary

• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Cranberry Products for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer

Gynecologic

• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Membrane Sweeping at Term to Induce Labor
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation

Hematologic

• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children
• Desmopressin for Reducing Perioperative Blood Transfusion
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism

Infectious

• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Azithromycin for Treatment of COVID-19
• Corticosteroids for Sore Throat
• Cranberry Products for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Fluid Volumes in Adults with Sepsis
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Paxlovid for Nonhospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Systemic Corticosteroids for COVID-19
• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Zinc for the Common Cold

Musculoskeletal

• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Cervical Spine Motion Restriction after Blunt Trauma
• Corticosteroids for Low Back Pain
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Intra-Articular Lidocaine Versus Intravenous Sedation for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Reduction
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain
• Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Fracture
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)

Neurologic

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure
• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Antiplatelet Agents for Preventing Early Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Cervical Spine Motion Restriction after Blunt Trauma
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Steroids for Meningitis
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Subcutaneous Sumatriptans for Acute Migraine Attacks in Adults
• Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Hemispheric Infarction
• Thrombolytics for Stroke
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke (2021)
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Topiramate (Topamax) for Migraine Prophylaxis
• Tranexamic Acid for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid For Traumatic Brain Injury
• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Obstetric

• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic
• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampsia
• Membrane Sweeping at Term to Induce Labor
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period
• Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Fracture
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Uterogenic Agents (Misoprostol versus to Oxytocin) for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Vitamin E in Pregnancy

Oncologic

• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Low-dose CT Scan for Lung Cancer Screening
• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths

Psychiatric

• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia

Pulmonary

• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Azithromycin for Treatment of COVID-19
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta2 Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Combining Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs) and Corticosteroids For Asthma in Adults
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Adults Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Pulmonary Embolism
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults
• Ketamine versus Etomidate for Induction of Intubation in Critically Ill Patients
• Low-dose CT Scan for Lung Cancer Screening
• Magnesium Sulfate Infusion to Prevent Hospitalization for Acute COPD Exacerbations
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Steroids for Croup
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Systemic Corticosteroids for COVID-19
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for Awake Tracheal Intubation

Trauma

• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Cervical Spine Motion Restriction after Blunt Trauma
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Tranexamic Acid For Traumatic Brain Injury
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma

Vascular

• Anterior-Posterior versus Anterior-Lateral Pad Positioning for Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Compression Therapy for Postthrombotic Syndrome
• Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children
• Desmopressin for Reducing Perioperative Blood Transfusion
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• Liberal vs Restrictive Hemoglobin Levels as Thresholds for Blood Transfusions
• Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis

Therapy (NNT) Reviews Alphabetically

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A

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Acupuncture for Frequent Tension-Type Headaches
• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Aggressive Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation for Acute Pancreatitis
• Alpha-adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal
• Anterior-Posterior versus Anterior-Lateral Pad Positioning for Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media With Effusion In Children
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure
• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Antiplatelet Agents for Preventing Early Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
• Antipsychotics for Fibromyalgia in Adults
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Azithromycin for Treatment of COVID-19

B

• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Branched-Chain Amino Acids for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis
• Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Placebo for Opioid Dependence

C

• Catheter-directed Thrombolysis for Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome
• Cervical Spine Motion Restriction after Blunt Trauma
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Coadministration of Probiotics With Prescribed Antibiotics for Preventing Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
• Colchicine for Acute Gout
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta2 Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Combining Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs) and Corticosteroids For Asthma in Adults
• Compression Therapy for Postthrombotic Syndrome
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• Controlled Cord Traction During the Third Stage of Labor
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy
• Corticosteroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Corticosteroids for Low Back Pain
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Corticosteroids for Sore Throat
• Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children
• Corticosteroids for Treating Pneumonia
• Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sepsis
• Cranberry Products for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
• Cyclobenzaprine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain

D

• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Desmopressin for Reducing Perioperative Blood Transfusion
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Adults Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation
• Diagnostic Testing for Patient Reassurance
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Pulmonary Embolism

E

• Early Decrease in Blood Pressure after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early vs. Delayed Coronary Angiography after out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals Compared with Older Agents for Hepatitis C
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours from onset of symptoms
• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Epley Maneuver (Canalith Repositioning) for Benign Positional Vertigo
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

F

• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Fluid Volumes in Adults with Sepsis

G

• Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty

H

• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Higher-dose Versus Standard-dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest

I

• Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches
• Ibuprofen vs. Acetaminophen for Fever or Pain in Children Younger Than Two Years
• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients
• Intra-Articular Lidocaine Versus Intravenous Sedation for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Reduction
• Intravenous Magnesium as an Adjunct to Standard of Care for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults

K

• Ketamine versus Etomidate for Induction of Intubation in Critically Ill Patients
• Ketamine vs Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department

L

• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic
• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Asthma
• Levetiracetam Compared With Phenytoin Or Fosphenytoin In Benzodiazepine-Refractory Pediatric Status Epilepticus
• Liberal versus Conservative Intravenous Fluid Administration in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Liberal vs Restrictive Hemoglobin Levels as Thresholds for Blood Transfusions
• Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection of IV Propofol
• Low-dose CT Scan for Lung Cancer Screening
• Lung-protective Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

M

• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampsia
• Magnesium Sulfate Infusion to Prevent Hospitalization for Acute COPD Exacerbations
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• Mediterranean Diet for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Known Heart Disease)
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• Membrane Sweeping at Term to Induce Labor
• Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• Mu-Opioid Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction

N

• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors For Treatment of Influenza
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain
• Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema

O

• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for Clostridioides Difficile Infection
• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period
• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

P

• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection
• Paxlovid for Nonhospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Fracture
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Probiotics for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer

Q

• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma

R

• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Ablation and Cardioversion
• Rocuronium vs. Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Intubation
• Routine Health Checks for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity

S

• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths
• SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Stents for Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Steroids for Croup
• Steroids for Meningitis
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Subclavian vs. Femoral Central Line Placement
• Subcutaneous Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Subcutaneous Sumatriptans for Acute Migraine Attacks in Adults
• Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Hemispheric Infarction
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Systemic Corticosteroids for COVID-19

T

• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Cardiac Arrest
• Thromboelastography for Hemorrhagic Resuscitation
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Thrombolytics for Stroke
• Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke (2021)
• Topical Antibiotics for Clinical and Microbiologic Cure of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults
• Topiramate (Topamax) for Migraine Prophylaxis
• Tranexamic Acid for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis
• Tranexamic Acid For Traumatic Brain Injury
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

U

• Uterogenic Agents (Misoprostol versus to Oxytocin) for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma

V

• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis
• Varenicline for Smoking Cessation
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for Awake Tracheal Intubation
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)
• Vitamin E in Pregnancy
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

W

• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Z

• Zinc for the Common Cold

Therapy (NNT) Reviews by Rating

Green

• Acetazolamide for Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
• Acupuncture for Frequent Tension-Type Headaches
• Anti-Hypertensives to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes
• Antibiotics for Cirrhotics with Upper GI Bleeds
• Antibiotics for COPD Exacerbation
• Antibiotics for Culture‐Positive Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women
• Antibiotics for Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Antibiotics for Infection Prevention In Ventricular Shunt Placement
• Antibiotics for Open Fractures
• Antiplatelet Agents for Acute Stroke
• Antiplatelet Agents for Preventing Early Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
• Aspirin after Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Aspirin for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Aspirin For Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Atraumatic versus Conventional Needles for Lumbar Puncture
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women With Prior Fractures or Very Low Bone Density
• Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Placebo for Opioid Dependence
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Cesarean Section Ileus
• Clopidogrel Added to Aspirin During and After a Coronary Event or Stenting
• Clopidogrel for Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Coadministration of Probiotics With Prescribed Antibiotics for Preventing Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
• Combined Inhaled Short-Acting Beta2 Agonist and Anticholinergic Agents for Asthma
• Continuous vs. Intermittent Beta Agonists for Asthma Attack
• Corticosteroids for Sore Throat
• Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Children
• Corticosteroids for Treating Pneumonia
• Cranberry Products for Preventing Urinary Tract Infections
• Defibrillation for Cardiac Arrest
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Deep Vein Thrombosis
• Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Conventional Anticoagulants for Pulmonary Embolism
• Early Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke Reduces Disability at 90 Days
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Elastic Stockings Plus Medical Therapy for Deep Vein Thrombosis Prevention After Surgery
• Endovascular thrombectomy for ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours from onset of symptoms
• Epley Maneuver (Canalith Repositioning) for Benign Positional Vertigo
• Erythromycin for Improved Upper Endoscopy
• Erythromycin for Urgent Endoscopy After Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy or Fecal Occult Blood Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Asymptomatic Individuals
• Glatiramer Acetate (Copaxone) for Multiple Sclerosis
• Glucocorticoid for Croup in Children
• HPV vaccines for prevention of cervical pre-cancer in adolescent girls and women
• Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
• Ibuprofen for Treatment of Episodic Tension-Type Headaches
• Ibuprofen vs. Acetaminophen for Fever or Pain in Children Younger Than Two Years
• Inhaled Epinephrine, Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Acute Asthma Exacerbation in Adults
• Lidocaine for Reducing Pain on Injection of IV Propofol
• Lung-protective Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Magnesium for Pre-Eclampsia
• Medical Expulsive Therapy (Alpha Blockers) for Urological Stone Disease
• Mediterranean Diet for Post Heart-Attack Care
• Mu-Opioid Antagonists for the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Nebulized Ipratropium for Asthma Attack
• Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smoking Cessation
• Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
• Ondansetron (Zofran) for Pediatric Gastroenteritis
• Opiate Analgesia for Acute Abdominal Pain
• Opiates During Abdominal Pain Evaluation
• Oral NSAIDs for Perineal Pain in the Early Postpartum Period
• Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Fracture
• Pregabalin (Lyrica) for Acute Fibromyalgia Pain
• Probiotics for Acute Infectious Diarrhea
• Prophylactic Antibiotics In Cirrhotic Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Rhogam Postpartum for Prevention of Sensitization in At-Risk Women
• SGLT-2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (With Known Heart Disease)
• Steroids for Asthma Attack
• Steroids for Croup
• Steroids for Meningitis
• Steroids for PCP/PJ Pneumonia
• Steroids for Pharyngitis
• Steroids for Prevention of Migraine Recurrence
• Strength and Balance Programs for Elderly Falls
• Subcutaneous Sumatriptans for Acute Migraine Attacks in Adults
• Surgical Decompression for Space-Occupying Hemispheric Infarction
• Systemic Corticosteroids for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Tap Water for Wound Irrigation
• Tenofovir for Prevention of HIV Infection
• The Efficacy and Safety of Colchicine for Pericarditis
• Thrombolytics for Major Heart Attack (STEMI)
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke
• Topical Antibiotics for Clinical and Microbiologic Cure of Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Topical NSAIDs for Acute Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults
• Topiramate (Topamax) for Migraine Prophylaxis
• Tranexamic Acid for Severe Trauma
• Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Epistaxis
• Vaccines for Preventing Influenza in Healthy Individuals
• Valproate for Adult Migraine Prophylaxis
• Varenicline for Smoking Cessation
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Direct Laryngoscopy
• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Elderly, Nursing Home)
• Warfarin for Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention
• Warfarin vs. Aspirin For Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Prevention

Yellow

• Adjuvant Antibiotic Therapy After Incision and Drainage of Cutaneous Abscesses
• Alpha-adrenergic Agonists for the Management of Opioid Withdrawal
• Anterior-Posterior versus Anterior-Lateral Pad Positioning for Electrical Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
• Anti-D (Rh factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At Risk (Rh Negative) Women (2018)
• Anti-D (Rh Factor) Administration During Late Pregnancy for the Prevention of Alloimmunization in At-Risk Women (2013)
• Antibiotics for Animal Bites
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media in Children
• Antibiotics for Uncomplicated Diverticulitis
• Anticoagulation for Distal Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thromboses
• Anticoagulation for Venous Thromboembolism
• Antiepileptic Drugs After First Unprovoked Seizure
• Antipsychotics for Fibromyalgia in Adults
• Aripiprazole vs. Placebo or Haloperidol for Schizophrenia
• Branched-Chain Amino Acids for People with Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Catheter-directed Thrombolysis for Prevention of Postthrombotic Syndrome
• Cervical Spine Motion Restriction after Blunt Trauma
• Chewing Gum for Reducing Post-Caesarian Section Ileus
• Colchicine for Acute Gout
• Compression Therapy for Postthrombotic Syndrome
• Controlled Cord Traction During the Third Stage of Labor
• Coronary Heart Bypass Surgery for Prevention of Death
• Corticosteroids for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Corticosteroids for Low Back Pain
• Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Sepsis
• Cyclobenzaprine in the Treatment of Low Back Pain
• Denosumab for Reducing Risk of Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
• Dexamethasone For Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Dexmedetomidine in Critically Ill Adults Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation
• Early Decrease in Blood Pressure after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Effectiveness of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Efficacy of Direct-Acting Antivirals Compared with Older Agents for Hepatitis C
• Gabapentin for Chronic Neuropathic Pain
• High-flow Oxygen Therapy for Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
• Higher-dose Versus Standard-dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Hormone Replacement Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk
• Inhaled Steroids for Asthma After Emergency Department Discharge
• Intra-Articular Lidocaine Versus Intravenous Sedation for Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Reduction
• Intravenous Magnesium as an Adjunct to Standard of Care for Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response
• Ketamine versus Etomidate for Induction of Intubation in Critically Ill Patients
• Ketamine vs Opioids for Acute Pain in the Emergency Department
• Lactobacillus reuteri for Treatment of Infant Colic
• Levetiracetam Compared With Phenytoin Or Fosphenytoin In Benzodiazepine-Refractory Pediatric Status Epilepticus
• Liberal versus Conservative Intravenous Fluid Administration in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Low-dose CT Scan for Lung Cancer Screening
• Magnesium Sulfate Infusion to Prevent Hospitalization for Acute COPD Exacerbations
• Membrane Sweeping at Term to Induce Labor
• Metformin for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis
• Neuraminidase Inhibitors For Treatment of Influenza
• Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Acute Low Back Pain
• Oral Fidaxomicin versus Vancomycin for Clostridioides Difficile Infection
• Outpatient Treatment for Low-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
• Paxlovid for Nonhospitalized Patients with COVID-19
• Probiotics for the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
• Procainamide Versus Amiodarone for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia
• Prochlorperazine for Treatment of Acute Migraines in Adults
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Peptic Ulcer Bleeding
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients
• Qvar for Treatment of Chronic Asthma
• Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19
• Risk of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Low Molecular Weight Heparin
• Rivaroxaban vs. Warfarin for Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Ablation and Cardioversion
• Rocuronium vs. Succinylcholine for Rapid Sequence Intubation
• Routine Health Checks for Reducing Mortality and Morbidity
• Subclavian vs. Femoral Central Line Placement
• Subcutaneous Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogs for Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Systemic Corticosteroids for COVID-19
• Targeted Temperature Management in Post Cardiac Arrest Patients
• Thromboelastography for Hemorrhagic Resuscitation
• Thrombolytic Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism
• Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) For Acute Ischemic Stroke (2021)
• Topical Capsaicin for Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Adults
• Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Video Laryngoscopy vs. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy for Awake Tracheal Intubation
• Zinc for the Common Cold

Red

• ACLS Medications for Cardiac Arrest
• Anti-Hypertensives for Cardiovascular Prevention in Mild Hypertension
• Antiarrhythmics for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Antibiotics for Acute Bronchitis
• Antibiotics for Acute Sinusitis in Adults
• Antibiotics for Hand Lacerations
• Antibiotics for Otitis Media With Effusion In Children
• Anticonvulsants for the Treatment of Low Back Pain and Lumbar Radicular Pain
• Antiviral Medications for the Prevention of Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Aspirin For Preventing A First Heart Attack Or Stroke
• Aspirin to Prevent a First Heart Attack or Stroke
• Azithromycin for Treatment of COVID-19
• Beta Blockers for Heart Attack
• Bisphosphonates for Fracture Prevention in Post-Menopausal Women Without Prior Fractures
• Bronchodilators for Bronchiolitis
• Clopidogrel with Aspirin for Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Colloids for Resuscitation in Critically Ill Patients
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Adult Asthma
• Combination Inhalers (Steroids Plus Bronchodilators) for Childhood Asthma
• Combination LABA Inhalers Compared with High-Dose Inhaled Steroids for Adults with Asthma
• Combining Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABAs) and Corticosteroids For Asthma in Adults
• Corticosteroids for Preventing Postherpetic Neuralgia After Herpes Zoster Infection
• Desmopressin for Reducing Perioperative Blood Transfusion
• Diagnostic Testing for Patient Reassurance
• Early Invasive Management for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Early vs. Delayed Coronary Angiography after out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest without ST-Segment Elevation
• Epidural Steroids for Sciatica
• Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
• Factor VII for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
• Fluid Volumes in Adults with Sepsis
• Hormone Replacement Therapy For Cardiovascular Prevention (After Prior Heart Attack or Stroke)
• Hormone Therapy for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women
• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Acute Asthma
• MRI vs. X-Ray for Lower Back Pain
• Octreotide for Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage from Esophageal Varices
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
• Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Packing Abscesses for Recurrent Infection
• Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Presenting With Syncope
• Prone Positioning for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
• Proton Pump Inhibitors for Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
• Recombinant Activated Factor VII in Severe Trauma
• Screening Mammography for Reducing Deaths
• Statins for Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Statins for Heart Disease Prevention (Without Prior Heart Disease)
• Statins in Persons at Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Steroids for Bronchiolitis
• Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Cardiac Arrest
• Thrombolytics for Stroke
• Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• Tight Glycemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes (Over 5 Years)
• Tranexamic Acid for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
• Tranexamic Acid For Traumatic Brain Injury
• Utility of Spinal Immobilization in Patients with Penetrating Trauma
• Vitamin E in Pregnancy
• Vitamins and Antioxidants for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Black/Caution

• Vitamin D for Fracture Prevention (Community)
• Uterogenic Agents (Misoprostol versus to Oxytocin) for Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Steroids for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
• Stents for Stable Coronary Artery Disease
• PSA Test to Screen for Prostate Cancer
• Liberal vs Restrictive Hemoglobin Levels as Thresholds for Blood Transfusions
• Intensive Glucose Control for Critically Ill Patients
• Insulin for Glucose Control in Ischemic Stroke
• Hydroxyethyl Starch for Acute Volume Resuscitation
• Heparin for Acute Coronary Syndromes
• Glycoprotein Inhibitors for Major Heart Attack with Stents or Angioplasty
• Elastic Stockings for Deep Venous Thrombosis After Stroke
• Effect of Tight Glycemic Control on Patients With Ischemic Stroke
• Coronary Stenting for Non-Acute Coronary Disease Compared to Medical Therapy
• Aggressive Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation for Acute Pancreatitis